The world knows a lot more about the Zuckerbergs and Jobs' than Elon Musk. That is a problem and Ashlee Vance eliminates it with this gripping biography. You won't turn a page without an exclamation saying "That was crazy, Elon !".
He had exceptional lineage and a well travelled, highly educated family that valued adventure and creativity. He did not have a supportive environment at his home and yet he excelled in math and science. Even as a child of 10, he had a strong sense of purpose and deemed study of some school subjects such as the Afrikaans language as pointless, partly because he did not fathom any future staying in his home country of South Africa. But when he realized that not learning them well enough would restrict him moving to the next grade, he could turn things around and do very well in all such subjects. He was bullied in school quite badly, enough for him to end up at the doctor with blood all over his face. Then very strangely he holds up that bullying he faced as a positive moulding effect on his personality and says that his own kids who would never face such cruelty would miss out on that. Being a smart parent even as a super busy entrepreneur, he restricts his kids' cartoon watching and playing games that are not something not as soft as pressing buttons for making cute sounds and encourages problem solving. At that age, Musk would often go into his "zone" - lost in his thoughts and completely unaffected by anything else happening around him. Was it one of the most over-diagnosed Silicon valley disease - Autism ? Not likely and even if it was, it would so incredibly high functioning that it should render everybody else as diseased.
His early startups, including Paypal were true successes of his innate adventurous spirit and academic skills. They fully leveraged his natural strengths. He caught on the ideas of a fintech company and digital payments system before anyone did and while everyone else was still making a 'unprofitable-cutesy-site.com'. This is also the time when Musk habituated into a 100 hours work week. Musk was always adventurous and risk taking and such qualities truly came into common instance from hereon.
The work culture in the Silicon valley and other software industries is well known and well criticised. Impossible sounding deadlines are set, employees are stressed and overworked. Never mind the what the deadlines are, they are not met anyway and there is a mad scramble to deliver something, somehow. It encourages short term fixes to basic problems encountered during testing phases. Ugly remnants of past mistakes are left behind in the product and the software engineers even have a name for it - technical debt.
Now, can any company in the business of aerospace technology operate in that kind of work culture ? Mistakes in the end product are prohibitively costly. A single snag costing a human life means curtains drawn on the company itself.
Well, Yes ! Musk and his team operated in that high octane environment for years together, could not only extract the most out of his employees in terms of effort but also in terms of innovative output from them. A Boeing or some other established aerospace player tends to indulge in much paperwork with apparently slow and wasteful procedures to make a simple device or change something that failed. SpaceX employees usually made things in-house with a tenth of the budget and time. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the requirement was such that SpaceX pushed Musk to the limits and nearly bankrupt down to the last 100 grands. Don't forget that he started with around 100M out of his early ventures.
There are several innovations that emerged out of SpaceX and some of them sound quite fundamental and impactful. Not so long ago, none of the engineers and scientists in the business of making rockets reckoned that re-usable rockets was easy or even possible. The stress and thrust of a launch was too much for any material to withstand. Musk made re-usable rockets his key to achieving economies of rocket launching and thus making his company a profit out of it. Welding together large sheets of metal could be done in a much better way with friction stress that yielded lighter artifacts.
Most remarkable is Musk's ability to get down to fundamental physics with someone while reasoning and arguing about what can be done and what can't be done. Some employees find him aggressive, brusque and demanding, so be it. He has a vision and he is shooting for it.
On developing electric cars, Musk continued with the Silicon Valley style of project management and work culture, with apparently disastrous consequences. The project had massive cost overrun and delay and would not have been a viable show unless Musk pumped his personal wealth into keeping it going. One must say though that the if there was anyone who could build an Electric car that captured the imagination of ordinary folks and inspired the rich to buy a sports electric car, it had to be Musk. Musk did'nt want to just build a higher range electric car, he also wanted the car to go from 0 to 60 in 4 seconds. Anyone else would never have begun something so ambitious. Musk is a visionary too, and the first one to realize that improvements in the Lithium-ion battery were sufficiently good to make a full range electric car possible. Conventional car companies of the time and even today will be hard pressed to identify innovative ideas of the calibre that Musk came up with, such as free charging stations for his electric cars, touch screen controls and automatically extending door handles.
Musk has set for himself the loftiest goals, that most people would consider borderline insane. He wants to save humanity by accomplishing the staggeringly ambitious feat of interplanetary colonization, particularly on Mars. Note that while planning to save humanity, he didn't think of making efficient seawater de-salination or controlling global warming or making vaccines or building sanitation for all. He goes all flat out for the fantastic. And continues to calculating the number of rocket trips it might take to send people to Mars. And he could explain all this to someone while finishing dinner in a cafe with a dollop of desert sticking on his chin.
But in aiming that high, he has already accomplished so much that was previously thought impossible. It might have taken more time and more money than he imagined but he has clearly done what he declared as a near term goal !
Does this world need more Zuckerbergs and Bezos' and Jobs' ? yes.
But do we need more Elon Musks ? Bloody sure yes !
